New Frontiers in Sciences, Engineering and the Arts

Ringed compounds are very unique in Nature, because the human skeletal foundation as will be seen in Vol VI), from the Head to the Toes are made of ringed compounds (the steroids). It is from the Chemistry of ringed compounds, one can see the Physics of Springs with respect to many concepts such as Strain Energies. There are rings which cannot be opened and there are others which can readily be opened. How rings are formed and opened are unknown to Chemists universally; but they think they know. The characters of rings, the conditions favoring their openings, expansions and reduction in size and formations, the manners by which rings are opened or closed, etc. have been clearly explained. Having covered virtually every type of rings, all the different types of resonance stabilization and molecular rearrangement phenomena and other phenomena present in these systems have begun to be fully identified. For the first time for example, how meta, ortho- and para-substitutions take place in benzene rings, 2-,5- positions or 3-,4- positions substitutions take place in pyrrole, furan and thiophene rings etc. have been clearly explained based on the types of resonance stabilization phenomena favored by them. After every chapter beginning from Vol (II), Rules of Chemistry were stated relating not only to the materials in that chapter, but also to the past and in fact the future. In the last chapter of Vol (III)B, all rules coming from The beginning of a New Dawn for Humanity and also from Vol (I), were stated. These rules are not just ordinary rules, but an embracement of how Nature operates. Amongst ringed compounds/monomers, there are Males (called Electrophiles) and Females (called Nucleophiles), based on the types of Activation centers carried by them Why some favor being used as monomers and others do not, have been clearly explained. Nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical-pushing and radical-pulling capacities of the compounds and their substituted groups (new) have been provided. Before understanding this Volume, Volumes (I) and (II) as well as The Beginning of a New Dawn for Humanity, must be read. This Volume will find most useful applications to the medical scientists, biochemists, chemical and other related disciplines, where little or nothing is indeed known about ringed compounds.