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Impacto da pesca de arrasto nos maiores mangais estuarinos e no ecossistema offshore

Impacto da pesca de arrasto nos maiores mangais estuarinos e no ecossistema offshore

Mahua Das

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Editorial:
KS OmniScriptum Publishing
Año de edición:
2025
Materia
Ciencia: cuestiones generales
ISBN:
9786208879068
65,74 €
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Bengala offshore e estuários (’Sundarbans), o maior ecossistema de mangais (Património Mundial) desenvolve uma enorme reserva de fitoplâncton como base da teia alimentar de mangais marinhos com espécies marinhas em níveis tróficos mais elevados. As redes de arrasto não seletivas arrastadas pelo fundo do oceano retiram a biodiversidade do fundo do mar, destruindo o habitat submarino das espécies de base. A mortalidade por arrasto começou a colapsar a pirâmide alimentar marinha, colocando em risco os principais consumidores, afectando ainda mais os humanos costeiros. A zona de pesca de Tajpur-Shankarpur-Digha-Petua provou que a riqueza da biodiversidade está inversamente relacionada com a distância offshore, resultando numa diminuição da perda de biodiversidade com o aumento da profundidade e da distância inicial da pesca de arrasto. Assim, a plataforma continental menos profunda com nutrientes bentónicos máximos apresenta maior mortalidade por arrasto, indicando maior perda de biodiversidade e vice-versa. A mortalidade contínua por arrasto, a poluição por metais pesados em campos de arrasto de águas profundas e locais de descanso estuarinos, a destruição de mangais estuarinos causaram crise de sobrevivência para todas as espécies de ápice, ausência de plântulas de camarão, conchas do mar, extinção de espécies (Chandana Hilsa). O EMP destaca a rede de tresmalho para menor seletividade e mínima abrasão do fundo do mar, salvando a biodiversidade da linha de base submarina.

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