''The Chess Openings: Considered Critically and Practically'' is a book written by Henry Edward Bird and first published in 1877. The book is a comprehensive guide to the various chess openings, providing a critical analysis of each one and practical advice on how to play them effectively. Bird was a renowned chess player and writer, and his book is considered a classic in the field of chess literature. The book is divided into two parts, with the first part covering the basic principles of chess openings and the second part focusing on specific openings, such as the Ruy Lopez, Sicilian Defense, and French Defense. Bird’s writing style is clear and concise, making the book accessible to both beginner and advanced players. Overall, ''The Chess Openings: Considered Critically and Practically'' is an invaluable resource for anyone looking to improve their understanding and mastery of chess openings.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world’s literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.