J. Peter Pham / JPeter Pham / Strategic Studies Institute / U. S. Army War College / U.S. Army War College / USArmy War College
For more than 2 decades, Somalia has been the prime example of a collapsed state, resisting multiple attempts to reconstitute a central government, with the current internationally-backed regime of the 'Federal Republic of Somalia' struggling just to maintain its hold on the capital and the southeastern littoral-thanks only to the presence of a more than 17,000-strong African Union peacekeeping force. Despite the desultory record, the apparent speedy collapse since late 2011 of the insurgency spearheaded by the Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (Movement of Warrior Youth, al-Shabaab)-a militant Islamist movement with al-Qaeda links-has made it fashionable within some political and military circles to cite with little nuance the 'Somalia model' as a prescription for other conflicts in Africa, including the fight in Mali against al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and its allies.