Lyme disease is a tick-borne bacterial infection affecting humans and animals. It can be very serious as it can involve the joints, the heart, and the nervous system. Known in Europe since the early-mid 20th century, it was identified in the U.S. only in 1975 after a mysterious outbreak of what appeared to be juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children who lived in Lyme and Old Lyme, Connecticut, for which it was originally (mis)named. Although early recognition and treatment lead to resolution of the illness, there are many persons who live with debilitating symptoms and persistent infection. Yet, after these several past decades, Lyme and other tick-borne diseases remain poorly understood and often undiagnosed, misdiagnosed or over-treated. There still are controversies and challenges as to diagnosis and treatment! This book elucidates these diseases and addresses the associated controversial and challenging issues. While the scientific evidence continues to evolve, it must be recognized that many in the greater medical community may not be sufficiently versed in it, giving rise to misconceptions about the disease. Beyond strongly encouraging patients to be actively involved in decisions affecting their medical care, I also describe ways they can do something about it in addition to seeking medical treatment.