Integrated Computational Life Cycle Engineering for Traction Batteries

Summary............................................................................................................................. 3Acronyms............................................................................................................................ 4Contents.............................................................................................................................. 5Chapter 1: Background and context........................................................................... 81.              Towards a more sustainable private transportation system ........................... 82.              The risk of problem shifting ............................................................................. 103.              Complex systems require tools and methodologies ..................................... 114.              Objective, context and structure of this work................................................. 13References......................................................................................................................... 15Chapter 2: LCE and electromobility........................................................................ 185.              Environmental sustainability and Life Cycle Engineering........................... 185.1.              Environmental Impacts of products.............................................................. 205.2.              Life Cycle Assessment.................................................................................... 225.3.              Life Cycle Engineering .................................................................................. 26Definitions and scope...................................................................................... 26Methods and Tools for LCE........................................................................... 27LCA- based methods and tools for LCE...................................................... 292.              Technical aspects of electric vehicles and lithium-ion traction batteries.. 322.1.              Electric vehicles: definitions and classification.......................................... 322.2.              Electric vehicle energy demand..................................................................... 352.3.              Electric vehicle main components................................................................. 392.4.              Lithium-ion traction batteries......................................................................... 42Working principles and main cell components.......................................... 42Battery design and manufacturing................................................................ 47Battery degradation......................................................................................... 52Battery Recycling....................................................................