Fruit Manufacturing

PREFACE Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF THE FRUIT PROCESSING INDUSTRY. Introduction Classification of fruits World production and commercial applications of selected fruits History of fruit products development Harvest of fruits Chemical treatments Postharvest handling of fruits Cooling Methods Controlled Atmosphere Storage Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of fruits. Technology of semi-processed fruit products Factors influencing the exact modified atmosphere within a sealed pack Technology of semi-processed fruit products Preservation of semi-processed fruit products Chapter 2- PROCESSING OF FRUITS. Ambient and low temperature processing. 2.1 Fruit products and manufacturing processes 2.2 Fruit juice and pulp processing Front end operations Extraction Clarification and fining Use of enzymes in the food industry Filtration Membrane filtration Chapter 3- PROCESSING OF FRUITS. Elevated temperature; non-thermal and miscellaneous processing. Pasteurization Batch Pasteurization Concentration by Evaporation Dehydration Miscellaneous processing Chapter 4- THERMODYNAMICAL, THERMO-PHYSICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Thermophysical properties identification 4.3 Fruits and fruit products properties during freezing 4.4 Experimental data and prediction models 4.4.1 Density Density measurement Methods Empirical equations and theoretical density models Specific Heat Measurement methods Prediction Models and empirical equations Thermal Conductivity Measurement Methods Prediction Models and empirical equations Thermal Diffusivity Measurement techniques Empirical equations Viscosity Measurement techniques Newtonian fruit products Non-newtonian fruit products Effect of Temperature and pressure on the viscosity of foodstuffs Boiling Point Rise. Chapter 5- COLOR, TURBIDITY AND OTHER SENSORIAL PROPERTIES OF FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS. 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Measurement of color 5.2.1 Absorbance spectrophotometry 5.2.2 Tristimulus and special colorimeters 5.3 Food dispersions 5.3.1 Definitions 5.3.2 Food dispersion characterization 5.3.3 Particle size, shape, and size distribution 5.3.4 Cloudy fruit juice viscosity 5.4 Fruit aroma. 5.4.1 Thermodynamic models 5.4.2 Fruit aroma properties 5.4.3 Fruit shrinkage during dehydration 5.4.4 Structural damage during freezing Chapter 6- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS AND ITS TECHNOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Proximate Composition Proteins and aminoacids Organic acids Carbohydrates Lipids Minerals Vitamins Color compounds