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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by partial or complete insulin deficiency, resulting in hyperglycemia leading to acute and chronic complications. This disease is characterized by increase in the blood glucose level. This can mainly be attributed to the lack of insulin production (WHO, 2018). Diabetes mellitus is classified in to three types, Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3. Type-I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and results from failure of the beta cells of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin. Inability to produced sufficient insulin can be traced to the body attacking itself or immune system attacking cells of the pancreas (Meglio et al., 2018; Chaytor et al., 2019). Type - II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and commonly affects adults. It is the failure of the cells of the body to respond to insulin. In this case, insulin is produced adequately but there is an insulin resistance mechanism in action. As the disease progresses, the beta cells of the pancreas may fail or stop to produce insulin. Common cause of this type of diabetes is excessive body weight or obesity (Zheng et al., 2018; Paramithiotis et al., 2019). Type - III Gestational Diabetes occurs only during pregnancy. Treatment involves controlling diet, mostly sugar intake. Gestational diabetes might some times cause complications to the faetus such as death of child during delivery or shortly after delivery. Gestational diabetes also increases the risk of the mother developing other types of diabetes later in life (Hedderson et al., 2018; Jones et al., 2018).
