Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis

Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 4 Preface Contents of Volume 1, 2, and 3 PART I. COLORECTAL CANCER 1. INTRODUCTION: COLORECTAL CANCER M.A. Hayat INTRODUCTIONScreening for Colorectal CancerTreatmentRectal CancerREFERENCESA. Diagnosis 2. POORLY DIFFERENTIATED COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA: (METHODOLOGY) Seiichi Shinji, Zenya Naito, Toshiyuki Ishiwata, Yoko Matsuda, Tomoko Seya, and Takashi Tajiri INTRODUCTIONHISTOPATHOLOGYIMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSISIMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR MALIGNANT CHARACATERISTICS OF POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ADENOCARCINOMAIN SITU HYBRIDIZATION FOR MALIGNANT CHARACTERISTICS OF POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ADENOCARCINOMATHERAPYREFERENCES 3. COLORECTAL CANCER: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL; DIAGNOSIS WITH HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN K Ayham Alnabulsi, Brian Carpenter, Colin Telfer, and Graeme I. Murray INTRODUCTIONBIOMARKERSApproved Biomarkers - ProblemsBiomarkers of Colorectal CancerDemand for Colorectal BiomarkersCOLORECTAL BIOMARKER HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN KMethodology2D Gel Electrophoresis (2DGE)Semiquantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain ReactionMonoclonal Antibody to Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein KImmunohistochemistry (IHC)RESULTSDISCUSSIONFUTURE DIRECTIONREFERENCES 4. METASTASES AND RECURRENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER: DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF IMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHY Vladimir Obradovic and Vera Artiko INTRODUCTION GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSRadiopharmaceuticalsImaging Systems and TechniquesIMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHIC METHODS USED FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF COLORECTAL CANCERImmunoscintigraphy Based onRadiopharmaceuticals Labeled with RadioiodinesImmunoscintigraphy Based on Radiopharmaceuticals Labeled with 111InImmunoscintigraphy Based on Radiopharmaceuticals Labeled with 99mTcComparison of Diagnostic Values of Different RadiopharmaceuticalsImmunoscintigraphy and Positron Emission TomographyRadioimmunoguided SurgeryCONCLUSIONREFERENCES 5. COLORECTAL CANCER DIAGNOSIS USING DNA LEVELS IN BLOOD AND STOOL Emanuela Flamini, Daniele Calistri, Laura Mercatali, Claudia Rengucci and Dino Amadori INTRODUCTIONAVAILABLE TESTS AND THEIR COST BENEFITSFecal Occult Blood TestFlexible SigmoidoscopyColonoscopyBarium Enema with Air ContrastVirtual ColonoscopyMOLECULAR MARKERS AND THEIR COST BENEFITSFREE CIRCULATING DNA IN BLOODBiological Mechanisms of Free Circulating DNA ReleaseMethodological Aspects of Free Circulating DNASources and Influence of Pre-Analytical FactorsIsolation and QuantificationFree Circulating DNA Levels in Colorectal Cancer DiagnosisINTEGRITY OF GENOMIC EXTRACTED DNA FROM STOOLAnalysis of Long Fragment DNA in StoolAdvantages and Technical ProblemsCONCLUSIONSREFERENCES 6. COLORECTAL CARCINOMA: IDENTIFICATION OF microRNAs USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Eva Bandres, Nerea Bitarte, Natalia Ramirez, Ruth Zarate, and Jesus Garcia-Foncillas INTRODUCTIONGENOMICS OF microRNAmicroRNA BIOGENESIS AND FUNCTIONEVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF microRNA IN CANCERREGULATION OF microRNA EXPRESSIONIDENTIFICATION OF microRNA TARGETS: BIOINFORMATIC AND FUNCTIONAL TOOLSTECHNOLOGY TO QUANTIFY microRNAsEXPERIMENTAL WORKFLOW FOR microRNA EXPRESSION BY REAL- TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONIDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED microRNA IN COLORECTAL CANCER USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONQ