Meccanismo di distruzione ossea

Meccanismo di distruzione ossea

Ashutosh Agarwal / Prerna Agarwal / Shivani Gupta

66,12 €
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Editorial:
KS OmniScriptum Publishing
Año de edición:
2025
Materia
Odontología
ISBN:
9786202453011
66,12 €
IVA incluido
Disponible

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La distruzione ossea è alla base di patologie come l’osteoporosi, l’artrite reumatoide e i tumori con metastasi ossee. Essa deriva da uno squilibrio tra il riassorbimento dell’osso da parte degli osteoclasti e la formazione da parte degli osteoblasti. L’attività degli osteoclasti è regolata dall’asse RANK/RANKL/OPG, dove un aumento del rapporto RANKL/OPG promuove l’osteoclastogenesi. Le citochine infiammatorie (ad esempio, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) aumentano l’espressione di RANKL e la sopravvivenza degli osteoclasti. Nel cancro, fattori di derivazione tumorale come il PTHrP e le prostaglandine favoriscono ulteriormente la perdita ossea mediata da RANKL. Il riassorbimento osseo rilascia fattori di crescita come il TGF-β, alimentando la crescita tumorale e perpetuando la degradazione. Enzimi come le MMP e la catepsina K degradano la matrice ossea, mentre anche l’ipossia e lo stress meccanico contribuiscono. La comprensione di questi meccanismi supporta trattamenti come i bifosfonati, gli inibitori di RANKL (ad esempio, il denosumab) e le terapie anticitochine, che riducono efficacemente la perdita ossea.

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