Greenhouse Gas Emissions

1 Introduction.- 2 Global Warming.- 3 The Kyoto Protocol’s Flexible Mechanisms.- 4 Institutional Issues.- 5 Global Emissions of Carbon Dioxide.- 6 Clean Development Mechanism Project Prospects.- 7 Project Parameters and Equitable Treatment.- 8 CO2 Reduction Technologies and Financial Analysis.- 9 Emissions Trading.- Conclusions.- Appendices.- A1 Contact Addresses of Environmental Authorities/Relevant Government Authorities in Developing Countries.- A2 United Nations and Multilateral Environmental Organisations Concerned with Environmental Policies and Financing of Projects.- A3 Emissions Measurement and Monitoring.- A3.1 Technical Methods (Table A3.1).- A3.2 Maintaining Sustainability in Kyoto Protocol Projects.- A3.3 World Bank Guidelines on Environmental Standards - Major Atmospheric, Land and Water Pollutants from Industries and Domestic Sources (Table A3.2).- A4 The Green 500 Project - A National Green Index to Rank Firms, Case Study: United Kingdom, Case Example 1, Case Example 2 (Tables A4.1, A4.2).- A5 Carbon Accounting and Carbon Taxes.- A5.1 Accounting for Carbon Assets.- A5.2 Effect of Taxation on Carbon Dioxide Emissions.- A6 National Pilot Schemes for Emissions Permits Trading Outside Annex I countries.- A6.1 National Permits Trading Scheme for India and China: Bilateral Cooperation Between the World’s Two Most Populous Countries.- A6.2 Model Questionnaire to Enterprises in Developing Countries.- A7.1 Annuitised and Levelised Costs of Carbon Abatement.- A7.2 Pricing Credits or Permits: Calculating 'Overnight' and 'Discounted' Cost.- A7.5 Economics of Energy Conversion - Coal to Natural Gas for Power Stations.- A8 Cost Data - Indicative Costs of Key Equipment for Thermal Power Projects.- A9.1 The Clean Development Mechanism.- A9.2 Role of the Conference of the Parties (Governments).- A9.3 The Role of the Private Sector and Trading Exchanges.- A9.4 Kyoto Protocol and Non-Kyoto Protocol Risks.- A9.5 Case for Private Sector Financing of CDM Projects.- A9.6 Issues Regarding 'Tradability' of Emissions Credits Earned by Non-Annex I Firms.- A9.7 Case of Governments Which Have Not, or May Not, Sign Up to the Kyoto Protocol.- A9.8 Countries Listed in Annex I to the Convention Compared to Countries listed in Annex B to the Protocol.- A9.9 Definition of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises, and Large Companies.- A9.10 Project Selection Criteria for the CDM: Industries and Country Targets.- A9.11 Reference Datum for Measuring Emissions Reductions for CDM: Emissions Additionally.- A9.12 How Annex I Countries Can Move Ahead with the CDM.- A9.13 A Global Private Equity Fund - The World CDM Green Fund.- A10 Islands-at-Risk - Contingency Plans for Evacuation and Resettlement (Tables A10.1, A10.2, A10.3 and A10.4).- Annexes Annex 1 Annex A of the Kyoto Protocol: Targeted Greenhouse Gases and Sources.- Annex 2 Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol: Countries and QELRCs (commitments).- Annex 4 List of Countries Signing and Ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, at end 1999.- Units, Definitions and Conversion Factors.- Figures Index.- Country, Place Index.- Persons Index.