Dignaga on the Interpretation of Signs

1: Preliminaries.- 1.1 The central issues.- 1.2 The contributions of previous scholars.- 1.2.1 Satis Chandra Vidy?bh??a?a.- 1.2.2 Th. Stcherbatsky.- 1.2.3 Satkari Mookerjee.- 1.2.4 Erich Frauwallner.- 1.2.5 Kitagawa Hidenori, Hattori Masaaki and Katsura Shoryu.- 1.2.6 Radhika Herzberger.- 1.3 The argument of this book.- Notes.- 2: Rational Skepticism in Pre-Di?n?gan Buddhism.- 2.1 The foundation of skepticism in the Nik?yas.- 2.1.1 The Sutta Nip?ta.- 2.1.2 D?gha Nik?ya: The Brahmaj?la sutta.- 2.1.3 A?guttara Nik?ya: The Kesaputtas.- 2.1.4 Summary of how opinions are regarded in the Nik?yas.- 2.2 The influence of N?g?rjuna.- 2.2.1 M?lamadhyamakak?ik?.- 2.2.2 Vigrahavy?vartan?.- Notes.- 3: Nominalism in Pre-Di?n?gan Buddhism.- 3.1 The ?gama literature and Milindapañha.- 3.1.1 Natural class in the Nik?yas.- 3.1.2 Personal identity in the P?li Canon.- 3.1.3 Personal identity in the Milindapañha.- 3.2 Nominalism in N?g?rjuna.- 3.3 Nominalism in Vasubandhu.- 3.3.1 Vasubandhu’s theory of two truths.- 3.3.2 Vasubandhu’s phenomenalism.- Notes.- 4: Di?n?ga’s Theory of Knowledge.- 4.1 Hetucakranir?aya.- 4.2 The Pram??asamuccaya.- 4.2.1 Sensation in the Pram??asamuccaya.- 4.2.1.1 Awareness’s awareness of itself.- 4.2.2 Inference in the Pram??asamuccaya.- 4.2.2.1 The subject matter of inference.- 4.2.2.2 Three characteristics of legitimate evidence.- 4.2.2.3 On errancy and pervasion.- 4.3 The skepticism implicit in Di?n?ga’s epistemology.- Notes.- 5: Di?n?ga’s nominalism.- 5.1 The ?lambanapar?k??.- 5.2 The context of the discussion of nominalism in the Pram??asamuccaya.- 5.2.1 Scripture as a form of inferential sign.- 5.2.2 Fallibility in inference and scripture.- 5.2.3 The question of uni versais.- 5.2.4 Any?poha as a substitute for universals.- 5.2.5 The nature of information conveyed by language.- 5.2.6 The meaning of individual words.- 5.2.7 Particulars as instantiations of universals.- 5.2.8 Absurdities in the view that universals exist outside thought.- 5.2.9 The contrariety of expressions.- 5.2.10 The meaning of a sentence.- 5.2.11 The sentence as the primary linguistic symbol.- Notes.- Translations Introduction to translation.- The history of the Pram??asamuccaya in Tibet.- 6: Pram??asamuccaya II 'On reasoning'.- 6.1 Inference differentiated from sensation.- 6.2 The three characteristics of legitimate evidence.- 6.3 Property-bearer as the subject of inference.- 6.4 On restricted and errant properties.- 6.5 Non-symmetry of restriction and pervasion.- Notes.- 7: Pram??asamuccaya V: On the nature of signs in language.- 7.1 On the question of what verbal symbols make known.- 7.2 On the relationships between symbols that express preclusion.- 7.3 On the unreality of universals outside thought.- 7.4 On the question of what linguistic symbols preclude.- Notes.- 8: Conclusions.- Appendix A: Glossary of Sanskrit Terms.- Appendix B: Tibetan-Sanskrit Lexicon.- Selected Bibliography.- Subject and Author Index.