Librería Samer Atenea
Kálamo Books
Librería Elías (Asturias)
Librería Kolima (Madrid)
Librería Proteo (Málaga)
This book presents a data-driven mathematical model of COVID-19 that includes vaccination, waning immunity, reinfection, and multiple transmission pathways. Using U.S.A hospital data (2021-2023), the model is calibrated and validated to reflect real epidemic trends. Results show that vaccination reduces infections and hospitalizations, but waning immunity weakens long-term protection. Sensitivity analysis identifies quarantine of exposed individuals as the most effective control strategy. The study also finds that COVID-19 dynamics can exhibit backward bifurcation, meaning elimination requires sustained combined interventions, not just reducing the reproduction number below one.