The World Views of the Universe

The World Views of the Universe presents an exploration of how humanity’s understanding of the Universe has evolved-from the ancient geocentric worldview, through the Copernican heliocentric framework, to a proposed Primary-Centric Framework. The book examines the orbital architecture of cosmological systems from a primary-centric perspective. It introduces two equilibrium, non-dissipative orbital configurations-the Inner and Outer Clarke’s Orbits-and investigates how the mass ratio between a secondary and its primary determines the possible orbital evolution and long-term stability of these systems. The framework provides a physical interpretation of inward and outward orbital migration, including the possible destruction of a secondary within the Roche limit and the formation of rings around the primary. At the heart of the book is the Author Conjecture: every cosmological subsystem possesses a characteristic primary component that anchors the system and determines the stable equilibrium orbits of its secondary components. The proposed hierarchy extends from planet-satellite systems, to stellar planetary systems, galaxies, galaxy clusters, and superclusters, suggesting a primary-centered architecture that may ultimately extend across the cosmic web. The book further discusses the possible significance of over-massive supermassive black holes observed in several galaxies and considers how these observations may lend support to the proposed primary-centric view. The discovery of free-floating planets is also examined as a possible transitory exception to the proposed hierarchy. Bringing together orbital dynamics, planetary systems, galaxies, clusters, and large-scale cosmic structure, this book proposes a unified perspective on the organization and dynamical evolution of the Universe. Keywords: Primary-Centric Framework; Inner Clarke’s Orbit; Outer Clarke’s Orbit; orbital evolution; galaxies; galaxy clusters; superclusters.