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Somalia serves as an example of a country that is a threat to international peace and security. It has been in conflict and without a central government for over sixteen years. Somalia has been engulfed in confusion arising from factional-clan differences. The crisis started immediately after the fall of Mohamed Siad Barre. Since his overthrow in 1991, no central government has emerged. As a result of clan animosity, leadership wrangles, easy accessibility of arms, lack of commitment to a negotiated settlement, no peace and stability has been achieved in Somalia. Failure by factional leaders to agree on the formation of a central government has led factional leaders dividing the country into fiefdoms. For instance, the North unilateral declaration independence by Somaliland-formally British Somaliland, under the leadership of Mohamed Ibrahim Egal of the Somali National Movement (SNM), followed by Puntland under Abdullahi Yussuf of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF). Unlike most of the south, these regions enjoy some semblance of stability while causes of the Somalia conflict have not been fully addressed. Territorial disputes emanating from colonial times and the 'divide and rule' phenomena imposed on Somalia by the colonizers during scramble for Africa are the original causes of conflict in Somalia. Current armed clan conflicts and the collapse of governmental authority are exacerbations of colonial legacy left behind. For instance, in Rwanda, the colonial regime decided upon minority tribe-Tutsi to lead the majority-Hutus, several decades later genocide was unavoidable. Similarly, today in Iraq the minority Sunni Arabs find it difficult to come to terms with reality after Saddam overthrow, having reigned for several decades. Historically, the clan or tribe that got into power during colonial times would rule for as long as it feels even with little support from majority.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
