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Since 1916, the Army National Guard has been organized, funded, and missioned as the nation’s primary strategic reserve to the Army. However, after the 11 September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the Guard began an extended period of combat deployments, federally mobilizing almost 210,000 soldiers by April 2005. The primary question this thesis seeks to answer is: What are the cultural implications of sustained federal mobilizations and deployments on the Guard? The size and duration of the federal mobilization requirement put tremendous strain on the Guard organization, sparking concern about its continued health and ability to respond to the nation’s needs. The Guard is experiencing a period of intense stress as it struggles with the continuing demands of the Global War on Terrorism. Many organizational and structural challenges reveal themselves as a result of the Guard’s abrupt transformation from a strategic reserve to an operational part of an expeditionary Army. The cultural implications of this transformation, however, appear to be primarily positive. Changes in demographic, mind-set, and motivation for service combine to produce a sweeping cultural evolution that can only increase the readiness and effectiveness of the Guard as an operational fighting force.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.