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Krótka historia kolejnych kalifów, którzy panowali od 632 do 1924 r

Krótka historia kolejnych kalifów, którzy panowali od 632 do 1924 r

Abdelmalek Chelihi

125,81 €
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Editorial:
KS OmniScriptum Publishing
Año de edición:
2025
Materia
Historia
ISBN:
9783639792515
125,81 €
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Krótka historia kalifów, którzy panowali od 632 do 1924 roku:Początkowo kalifat składał się z czterech kalifów: pierwszego kalifa od 632 do 634 roku, drugiego od 634 do 644 roku, trzeciego od 644 do 656 roku i czwartego od 656 do 661 roku. Po nim nastąpił Muawiya 1ᵉʳ od 661 do 680 roku, który uczynił kalifat dziedzicznym i ustanowił dynastię Umajjadów od 661 do 750 roku, ze stolicą w Damaszku. Abbasydzi odsunęli Umajjadów od władzy i ustanowili kalifat w Bagdadzie w latach 750-1258. W międzyczasie Maghreb podzielił się na wiele dynastii, które nie były już zależne od władzy kalifatu. Kalifat Fatymidów od 910 do 1171 roku; Kalifat Kordoby od 928 do 1038 roku. Zdobycie Bagdadu przez Mongołów w 1258 roku. Mamelucki sułtan Baybars panuje nad Egiptem. Opuszczenie kalifatu w latach 1453-1517. Tytuł kalifa odzyskany przez Osmanów. Zniesienie kalifatu przez osmańskiego Mustafę Kemala w 1924 r.

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