Information Extraction

1 Information Extraction and Information Technology.- 1.1 Defining Information Extraction.-1.2 Explaining Information Extraction.- 1.3 Information Extraction and Information Retrieval.- 1.4 Information Extraction and Other Information Processing Tasks.- 1.5 The Aims of the Book.- 1.6 Conclusions. -1.7 Bibliography.- 2 Information Extraction from an Historical Perspective.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 A Historical Overview.- 2.3 The Common Extraction Process.- 2.4 A Cascade of Tasks.- 2.5 Conclusions.- 2.6 Bibliography.- 3 The Symbolic Techniques.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Conceptual Dependency Theory and Scripts.-3.3 Frame Theory.-3.4 Actual Implementations of Symbolic Techniques.- 3.5 Conclusions.- 3.6 Bibliography.- 4 Pattern Recognition.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 What is Pattern Recognition?.- 4.3 The Classification Scheme.- 4.4 The Information Units to Extract.- 4.5 The Features.- 4.6 Conclusions.- 4.7 Bibliography.- 5 Supervised Classification.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Support Vector Machines.- 5.3 Maximum Entropy Models.- 5.4 Hidden Markov Models.- 5.5 Conditional Random Fields.- 5.6 Decision Rules and Trees.- 5.7 Relational Learning.- 5.8 Conclusions.- 5.9 Bibliography.- 6 Unsupervised Classification Aids.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Clustering.- 6.3 Expansion.- 6.4 Self-training.- 6.5 Co-training.- 6.6 Active Learning.- 6.7 Conclusions.-6.8 Bibliography.- 7 Integration of Information Extraction in Retrieval Models.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 State of the Art of Information Retrieval.- 7.3 Requirements of Retrieval Systems.- 7.4 Motivation of Incorporating Information Extraction.- 7.5 Retrieval Models.- 7.6 Data Structures.- 7.7 Conclusions.- 7.8 Bibliography.- 8 Evaluation of Information Extraction Technologies.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Intrinsic Evaluation ofInformation Extraction.- 8.3 Extrinsic Evaluation of Information Extraction in Retrieval.- 8.4 Other Evaluation Criteria.- 8.5 Conclusions.-8.6 Bibliography.- 9 Case Studies.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Generic versus Domain Specific Character.- 9.3 Information Extraction from News Texts.- 9.4 Information Extraction from Biomedical Texts.- 9.5 Intelligence Gathering.- 9.6 Information Extraction from Business Texts.- 9.7 Information Extraction from Legal Texts.- 9.8 Information Extraction from Informal Texts.- 9.9 Conclusions.- 9.10 Bibliography.- 10 The Future of Information Extraction in a Retrieval Context.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 The Human Needs and the Machine Performances.- 10.3 Most Important Findings.- 10.4 Algorithmic Challenges.- 10.5 The Future of IE in a Retrieval Context.- 10.6 Bibliography.-