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Plant tissue culture is a collective term for the techniques of growing plant cells, tissues organs or even a plantlet on a defined medium in a suitable container under aseptic and controlled conditions. Plant tissue culture involves the growing of plant tissue from plant material taken from a source plant. It has been found that plants can reproduce whole plants from fragments of plant material when given a nutrient media capable of supporting growth and appropriate hormone control. Thus, the foundation of tissue culture technology lies in the concept of ’cellular totipotency’, which envisages that, a living plant cell has the potential to develop in to a complete individual or plantlet, since all the information needed to specify them are contained in the genetic material of each cell. The nutrient media used in plant tissue culture is an agar media with macro and micronutrients dissolved in it. Unlike plants growing from a seed, tissue cultures require a supply of carbon in an organic form such as sugars. They also require amino acids; vitamins and growth hormones. The constituents of the media will vary with the plant material being cultured.
