Librería Samer Atenea
Kálamo Books
Librería Elías (Asturias)
Librería Kolima (Madrid)
Librería Proteo (Málaga)
Oral lesions affect 0.5-2% of the general population, typically individuals between 30-65 years old, with a slight female predisposition. The buccal mucosa, tongue, and gingiva are commonly affected sites. Despite unclear etiopathogenesis, evidence suggests an inflammatory cell-mediated immune response. Treatment remains symptomatic due to unclear aetiology, with corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, retinoids, and immunosuppressants being used. Non-pharmacological modalities include cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and surgical excision. However, long-term corticosteroid use has disadvantages, such as mucosal thinning and adrenal insufficiency. Ozone therapy has gained prominence due to its antimicrobial and oxidizing properties, stimulating blood circulation and immune system with analgesic effects. Medical-grade ozone has shown efficacy in managing oral lesions and conditions. Dental applications include caries prevention, teeth remineralization, infection control, and tissue regeneration. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is an alternative treatment option, providing better inflammatory responses, pain reduction, and cellular bio-stimulation.
