Inicio > Humanidades > Historia > 朱自清談中國歌謠:從古至今的歌謠紀事
朱自清談中國歌謠:從古至今的歌謠紀事

朱自清談中國歌謠:從古至今的歌謠紀事

朱自清

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Editorial:
China National Publications Import & Export C
Año de edición:
2023
Materia
Historia
ISBN:
9786267403372
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'【中國現代歌謠的必讀經典】 起源、歷史、分類、結構、修辭 朱自清全面解析中國歌謠── ▎歌謠的起源與發展 在於原始時代,各種藝術往往混合為一,所以風謠包含這三種要素,為當然的事情,即後世的文學猶且常與音樂舞容發生連帶的關係,而與音樂的關係則尤為密切。這因語言與動作之間,以音樂為其樞紐之故。──欲使其語言有節奏,不可不求音樂的輔助;欲使其音聲更有力量,不可不借動作以表示:所以詩歌並言,歌舞亦並言。以音樂為語言動作的樞紐,正和以歌為詩與舞的樞紐一樣。 ▎歌謠的歷史 樂府裡往往同一首歌「本辭」很簡單明白,入樂後繁複拖沓,正可作一旁證。其實就是那些本辭,也未必不經文人潤色。他如正史及故書雅記中所載童謠,當更不免如此。只有筆記中所收,或者近真的較多;因為筆記的體裁本不甚尊,無須刻意求雅,所以倒反自由些。至於《古謠諺》,體例極為謹嚴,原不至有所潤色;但書中材料,全系轉錄故書,非從口傳寫錄者可比,所以仍未必為真相。《粵風》原輯諸人,錄自口傳,而動機在於好奇,不為學術,有無潤色,也頗難說。華廣生所輯,疑有唱本之類,不全得自民眾口中;他書末全錄《玉蜻蜓》彈詞,便是可疑的證據。這些中除《粵風》中各歌,至今或尚有流行,可資參證外,我們都稱之為古歌謠。 ▎歌謠的結構 顧頡剛先生在《論詩經所錄全為樂歌》裡也說:「對山歌因問作答,非復沓不可。......兒歌注重於說話的練習、事物的記憶與滑稽的趣味,所以也有復沓的需要。」鐘敬文先生研究所收集的《歌》,說:「這種歌每首都有兩章以上復疊的,全部幾乎沒有例外。......這種歌的迴環復沓,不是一個人自己的疊唱,而是兩人以上的和唱,我又想到對歌合唱,是原人或文化半開的民族所必有的風俗,如水上的疍民。山居的客人,現在都盛行著這種風氣,而造成了許多章段復疊的歌謠。」 ▎歌謠的修辭 我以為還有兩種關係,或可以幫助顧先生的解釋:一是我們常說到的歌謠是以聲為用的,所以為集中人的注意起見,有從韻腳上起下文的現象。二是一般民眾,思想境閾很小,即事起興,從眼前事物指點,引起較遠的事物的歌詠,許是較易入手的路子;用顧先生的話,便是要他們覺得不突兀,舒舒服服聽著唱下去。雖然起興的事物意義上與下文無關,但音韻上是有關的;只要音韻有關,聽的人便不覺得中斷,還是舒舒服服聽下去。顧先生所謂「覺得率直無味」,可以用這種道理解釋。至於「起勢」之說,則就作歌者方面說,也有道理。因為一個意思,不知從何說起,姑就眼前事物先行指點,再轉入正文,便從容多了。 【本書特色】 本書是朱自清所撰的一部中國現代歌謠專著,以淺白的文字,深層探討中國歌謠的起源與歷史、分類與結構和修辭等。在作者深入淺出的系統性敘述下,讀者不僅將對中國歌謠有全面的認知,也能更加了解中國的風土民情,是一本欲感受豐富的傳統文化者不容錯過的書籍!

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