Carbon Nanotubes Fundamentals, Electronics, Energy Systems, Aerospace Applications, Sustainability, Commercialization, and Future Technologies

PrefaceCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most important discoveries in modern materials science. Since their discovery by Sumio Iijima in 1991, these remarkable nanostructures have transformed research in nanotechnology, electronics, energy systems, aerospace engineering, and sustainable manufacturing. Their exceptional combination of mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, low density, flexibility, and chemical stability has made them one of the most promising engineering materials of the twenty-first century.This book provides a comprehensive yet practical introduction to carbon nanotube science and technology. Written as both a graduate-level textbook and a professional reference, it serves students, researchers, scientists, engineers, and technology professionals seeking a broad understanding of CNT fundamentals and applications. The book integrates concepts from materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, and nanotechnology to present a balanced view of both scientific principles and engineering practice.Beginning with carbon allotropes, graphene, nanotube structures, chirality, synthesis, purification, functionalization, and characterization, the book establishes the scientific foundation necessary to understand the unique properties of carbon nanotubes. It then explores their applications in nanoelectronics, sensors, artificial intelligence hardware, advanced batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen technologies, fuel cells, lightweight composites, aerospace systems, biomedical engineering, environmental technologies, and sustainable manufacturing.Beyond scientific principles, this volume also examines commercialization, scalable manufacturing, quality control, international standards, environmental health and safety, sustainability, and global market developments. These topics highlight the challenges and opportunities involved in translating laboratory discoveries into commercially successful technologies.As society moves toward cleaner energy, intelligent electronics, advanced manufacturing, and sustainable infrastructure, carbon nanotubes are expected to play an increasingly important role. Continued advances in large-scale production, materials engineering, and device integration will further expand their applications in next-generation technologies.The objective of this book is to provide readers with a solid scientific foundation while emphasizing practical engineering applications and responsible innovation. It is hoped that this volume will inspire students, researchers, and engineers to explore the enormous potential of carbon nanotubes and contribute to the continued advancement of nanotechnology for the benefit of science, industry, and society.