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Anfangsgründe der Chemie

Anfangsgründe der Chemie

Max Müller

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Editorial:
Springer Nature B.V.
Año de edición:
1927
Materia
Química
ISBN:
9783642901348
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1. Physikalische und chemische Vorgange. Die Chemie ist ein Zweig der Naturwissenschaften. Sie beschaftigt sich mit denjenigen Naturerscheinungen, bei denen die Zusammensetzung der Stoffe eine bleibende Veranderung erleidet und neue Stoffe mit neuen Eigenschaften entstehen (chemische Vorgange). Die Physik dagegen befaBt sich mit solchen Vorgangen, bei denen nur eine voriibergehende Veranderung der Stoffe eintritt, ihre Zusammen­ setzung aber unverandert bleibt (physikalische Vorgange). Ein physikalischer V organg kann daher an demselben Gegenstand wieder­ holt, ein chemischer Vorgang dagegen nur einmal vorgenommen werden. Versuch: Wird z. B. ein Platindraht in eine Flamme gehalten, so wird er gliihend, zieht man ihn aus der Flamme, so kiihlt er sich wieder ab, es ist keine Veranderung mit ihm vorgegangen; es ist dies ein physikalischer Vorgang. Halt man dagegen einen Magne­ siumdraht in die Flamme, so verbrennt er unter glanzender Lichterscheinung und ver­ wandelt sich dabei in ein weiEes Pulver, das von dem Magnesiumdraht vollig verschieden ist; es ist somit eine bleibende Veranderung des Stoffes eingetreten, mithin liegt ein chemischer ProzeE vor. Andere chemische Vorgange sind z. B. das Rosten des Eisens, die Um­ wandlung des siiBen Traubensaftes durch die Garung in Wein, die Bildung des Essigs durch Sauerwerden des Weines u. dgl. Bei allen diesen Verande­ rungen verschwinden die veranderten Stoffe als solche und neue Stoffe mit neuen Eigenschaften treten an ihre Stelle.

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