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中國詩學的關鍵流變──宋代「江西詩派」

中國詩學的關鍵流變──宋代「江西詩派」

中國詩學的關鍵流變──宋代「江西詩派」

Xiang-Hua Lin / 林湘華

39,48 €
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Editorial:
EHGBooks
Año de edición:
2016
Materia
Literatura: historia y crítica
ISBN:
9781647848040
39,48 €
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中國詩學源遠流長,從詩經、楚辭之後,迭經變異,蔚成巨流。而居於此間關鍵之「中」流,激盪、轉折,以致匯集了前此唐詩淹雅宏富之成果,成就了古文運動後深思博通之大判斷者,惟雄踞於人文價值高峰之宋代詩學。作為宋詩代表的「江西詩派」,不僅是久踞宋代詩壇勢力龐大的文學社群,同時它特殊的社群觀念及創作型態,更是中國詩學流變的一段發展關鍵。本文試圖為此建構一套格式塔式的理解,以江西詩派為典型,環繞著唐宋詩之爭、宗派觀念、美學型態、藝術形式、文化影響,為宋詩與中國詩學這一課題,整合多源的研究成果,建立總體的詩學詮釋,得以為唐詩與宋詩之間的這一關鍵流變,重新建立起有機而動態的意義聯繫。這就是本文以「典範」觀念為骨架所建構的一套「江西詩派」的歷史解釋:1、「江西詩派」,是一個「典範」,是一整個宋代詩學的「觀念箱子」。2、這個「觀念箱子」的性質,是「符號美學」的。3、宋人以「心法」的方法意識,實踐這種「符號表現」的詩學。「心法」,是一種默會之學的認知架構。4、這個「觀念箱子」,源自於中唐「古文運動」以來的人文反思,總結了這場文化運動的文學成果。5、黃庭堅,是這個典範網絡的「示範性的成就」。山谷詩學由於能夠成功回應歷史條件,而成就了這個「觀念箱子」。6、呂本中「江西詩社宗派圖」給予典範賦名,典範因此成形。呂本中並透過「活法」、「悟入」之說,精鍊典範、廓清典範,使江西詩學成為文化社會共同參與之詩學網絡。使黃庭堅回應歷史挑戰的成果,得以釋放而為詩壇所共享。7、典範的賦名,同時也就是標題化、固著化的開始。此後,許多理論規範的增生、抽離與異化,便附益在「江西詩派」之名下展開了。8、這個轉變,最主要的便是:由於文本化,使得一些片面的理論法則,從典範整體中抽離了出來,形成「江西體」、「江西格」等特定風格體式的稱謂;以及江西典範由以黃庭堅為核心的輻射網絡,走向「宗杜」及「杜詩-山谷詩」的路線規定。9、江西詩派原本缺乏文學正典的學習,以致資書而腐,又由於過度偏嗜人文傳統及「指符-意符」取向,引來四靈的反撥,意圖以標舉晚唐以及以「參符」為中心的客觀描寫矯正之。10、無論是江西體的抽離,路線的限定、或四靈的反撥,都還不至於撼動典範的根本。直到嚴羽,以美感價值及客觀體製之學為詩歌本質,才真正構成了針對江西符號詩學的顛覆性。嚴羽打開典範的危機,但一時風氣尚未凝聚,尚未聚積革新的力量;直到江西殿軍方回,徹底以文本中心、體製風格律定了江西正統,這最後的詮釋權威,也鼎定了後人對「江西詩派」的認識,真正瓦解了山谷以來的符號詩學典範,決定了「江西詩派」的歷史定位。

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