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Acceleratori di particelle e diversi stati della materia

Acceleratori di particelle e diversi stati della materia

Shashidhara N. M.

50,79 €
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Editorial:
KS OmniScriptum Publishing
Año de edición:
2025
Materia
Física
ISBN:
9786203326284
50,79 €
IVA incluido
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Un acceleratore di particelle è un dispositivo che utilizza campi elettromagnetici per spingere particelle cariche ad alta velocità e per contenerle in fasci ben definiti.Esistono due classi fondamentali di acceleratori, noti come acceleratori elettrostatici e a campo oscillante. Acceleratori elettrostatici e a campo oscillante. Gli acceleratori elettrostatici utilizzano un campo elettrico statico per accelerare le particelle. Un esempio su piccola scala di questa classe è il tubo catodico di un vecchio televisore. Altri esempi sono il generatore di Walton e il generatore di Van de Graaff. L’energia cinetica raggiungibile per le paricelle in questi dispositivi è limitata dal guasto elettrico. Gli acceleratori e i campi oscillanti, invece, utilizzano campi elettromagnetici a radiofrequenza ed evitano il problema del breakdown. Questa classe, sviluppata per la prima volta negli anni Venti, è alla base di tutti i moderni concetti di acceleratore e degli impianti su larga scala. Rolf-Wideroe, Gustav Ising, Leo Szilard, Donald Kerst ed Ernest Lawrence sono considerati i pionieri di questo campo, avendo concepito e costruito i primi acceleratori di particelle lineari operativi, il betatorn e il ciclotrone.

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